Because to nonreligious, this life is the only life that matters, and so getting things right, like, for instance equality in working conditions and rights, tax liabilities, etc. etc.
If it matters so much to them why do they write screeds against Jewish inmates getting kosher meals instead of actual threats to society? With the exception of a scant few like Christopher Hitchens (whose vitriolic nature I still can't stomache generally), most published atheists spend more time railing against Christians and Jews who pose them no threat than the existential threat of radical Islamic jihadists. They seem to possess a moral myopia that causes them to nitpick the background noise in life while feeling fully satisfied they've done their best. There is no introspection to it.
Nothing in this world will ever be "made right" within a single human's lifetime. The entire basis of religion is to get it right in this world, and the way to do this is to exercise power over yourself. Your entire list requires you to have control over other people in some way, shape or form. Someone with a true religious understanding starts from the inside and works their way outward. If you truly want to live life for yourself because it's the only one you have, tax liabilities should be the least of your concerns. Insofar as it's relevant, low tax rates should be a rallying point for the religious becauase it maximizes their ability to give charitably.
To be sure there are a large assortment of bellicose preachers who don't grasp this aspect of religion, but most of them have fallen for Marxist psuedo-religious babble about "social justice" delivered through the strong arm of the law.
I actually agree with this, although will point out there are situations that the problem arises again. Lets say two people apply to have leave on the same day, but the employer can only give it to one person. The nonreligious one's family is coming from overseas and applies first; the religious one wants it for a religious holiday but applies later. In many cases, I expect despite applying later, the religious one would get the time off (it depends on how strictly adhered to the policy was by the employer, though).
Employers have to make reasonable accomodations, however in a case like the one above the internal policy is probably first come first serve. If the holiday is a major one there may be a float system, or else the religious person will have worked enough hours for a day of paid leave. In any case hypotheticals like this are fairly presumptuous because they don't account for the human element.
Not actually true. Morality is independent of religious belief. If anything enforces morality, it is the law which codifies the governments power into rules based on general socially accepted morals.
Government is the heel of a boot. It exists to crush and suppress the human spirit at its base level. It is a neccesary evil that left unchecked by the morality of a religious people who act independent of that government will quickly bring civilized society to an end. Wherever that is not the case society is doomed, either by religious fanaticism that tempers the government's destructive power outward, or by secularists who have regulated the will to live out of existence. Both of these dynamics are playing out in Europe simulataneously, and there can be no doubt as to which government will prevail. Theocracy is going to crush Secular Humanism every time. Both are evil, but one is a rampaging beast and the other an anemic child. One takes the discipline and will of religious belief and turns it outward to destroy while the other glorifies human frailty and weakness in absense of God and suppresses any who disagree.
Morality requires religious belief. Without an absolute morality that demands fealty to a power greater than yourself all you will have left is a burning desire to control other people, for there is no built-in mechanism to stop you. There is no check on the individual's self-absorbed, ever-shifting concept of right and wrong. Humanity is incredibly cunning and opportunistic, it's why we became apex predator long ago. Without that understanding, without the discipline to harness that instinctive drive, all that is left is a self-satisfied narcissism with an endless hunger to perfect everything around it.
As a side note, I don't understand why so many debates between American religious and nonreligious cite the founding fathers for anything. The founding fathers were just a bunch of guys, whether or not they believed in the Catholic God, or any god at all, is entirely irrelevant.
America is unique in the world as the first nation to be founded on the principle that government derives its power from the people, not over them. It is a system that demands even the agents of the government bow before God as the authority which they too must obey. It explicitly states that those government agents are not actors on behalf of God like the divine right kings, but rather stewards who exist to serve a moral and righteous people.
That last bit by the way is from Benjamin Franklin, who said that the Constitution is only for a moral and righteous people. The acknowledgment of God is fundamental to how the world operates with the United States as the apex power for the last century. America without the God doesn't exist, because God is the source of all rights. There can be no discussion of unalienable rights without acknowledging they are sourced in a higher authority than government. Government does not grant rights, it is supposed to secure them. When it does not, it is not a government worth having.
God is central to the notion of unalienable rights, and the Founders are mentioned because they were the first to recognize this in writing and apply it as their principle of governance. Ever since that day America has fought off the world's greatest empire at the time and even brought a civil war upon itself, all based on those fundamental principles. Both the nation and its principles survived. To this day those principles instruct American policy, if you need verification look at what Wikileaks published. Americans truly believe the principle of fundamental human rights are universal, and even with inept and contemptible leaders the concept is powerful enough to shine through despite the imperfect humans surrounding and implementing it.
Really, the very existence of America is what elevates religious beliefs because we hold he protection of religious liberty and speech as our highest priorities. We have been fortunate to be blessed with such power and influence, and we must steward it wisely. The Founding Fathers are relevant to any discussion on rights or the elevation of religious principles because they were the first to codify the formula that sets people free and ignires the human spirit.
How many empires in the world's past would have dreamed for America's firepower, for its people's resiliency, for its technological superiority? And yet dispite having the will and resources, America does not go about on an invasion campaign. Our greatest problem seems to be that we let in too many people who don't understand or want to live by this concept, aided and abetted by people on the inside who dispise God and his creation and wish to see the greatest example of his grace destroyed. They're in for a hell of a fight. America is by no means perfect, not in the slightest, but it is the starting point for truly universal rights all across the globe.